More than 450 million people were found chronically hungry and malnourished during the last decade. Although total food production increased nearly everywhere, it failed to match population growth in many parts of Agrica, Asia, and Latin America. Only a small part of the productivity of natural terrestrial ecosystems is Used by man. The development of agriculture and industry has altered the structure and composition of selected systems so as to increase their yield of food, fiber, timber, irrigation, fertilizer use, plant and animal breeding, control of predators and pests and other management techniques. These systems are not wholly controlled by man. India’s dramatic successes in the Green Revolution of the 60s are because more and more land was irrigated. Range land management was improved through control of overgrazing in arid lands. However, in some countries agricultural land was being transformed into other uses, thus reducing productive potential. Soil degradation-erosion, salinization and alkalinization, and chemical degradation occurred in many parts of the world and caused production losses. An attempt has been made to include the modern techniques of analysis which are mainly used in these days.